A sauna is a wonderful place for relaxation and detoxification. However, in the enclosed space of a sauna, the issue of off - gassing from materials can be a significant concern as it may expose users to harmful substances. Here are some materials that should be avoided.
Many plastics contain additives such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA). When exposed to the high heat in a sauna, these plastics can start to release these chemicals. Low - quality plastic components, like some inexpensive plastic benches or wall panels, are potential sources. Phthalates, for example, are known to disrupt the endocrine system, and BPA has been associated with various health issues including hormonal imbalances.
Plywood is often used in construction, but if it is treated with formaldehyde - based adhesives, it can be a problem in a sauna. Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound (VOC). In the hot and enclosed sauna environment, the plywood can off - gas formaldehyde. Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat, and in more severe cases, it may be linked to respiratory problems and even certain cancers.
Some synthetic fabrics, especially those with chemical finishes for flame retardancy or water - repellency, should not be used in a sauna. These chemical finishes can break down and release harmful substances when heated. For instance, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) used in some water - resistant finishes can off - gas and have been associated with potential liver and thyroid problems.
Solvent - based paints often contain volatile organic solvents that can evaporate and off - gas. In a sauna, the heat accelerates this process. These solvents can include benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are known to be harmful. When inhaled, they can cause dizziness, nausea, and in long - term exposure, more serious health issues such as damage to the nervous system.
To ensure a healthy sauna experience, it is advisable to choose natural materials such as untreated wood (like cedar, which is known for its durability and pleasant aroma in the sauna environment), natural stone, and cotton towels without chemical finishes. By avoiding these potentially harmful materials, sauna users can enjoy the benefits of the sauna without the risk of exposure to harmful off - gassed substances.